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Advanced alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) in “zero-gap” configuration is a promising approach for low-temperature hydrogen production, but its efficiency strongly depends on the design and surface chemistry of nickel-based electrodes. Here, we present a simple dip-and-drying method (DDM) to modify commercial nickel foam with a Ni–FeOOH/PTFE microporous catalytic layer and evaluate its electrochemical performance in 1 M KOH and in a laboratory zero-gap cell with a Zirfon^® Perl 500 UTP diaphragm, through circulating 25 wt.% KOH. The FeSO₄-assisted DDM treatment generates mixed Ni–Fe oxyhydroxide surface species, while PTFE imparts control hydrophobicity, enhancing both catalytic activity and gas-release behavior. Annealing the electrode (DDM-NF-CAT-A) results in a cell voltage of 2.45 V at 1 A·cm⁻² and 80°C, demonstrating moderate performance comparable to other Ni-based electrodes prepared via low-complexity methods, though below that of optimized state-of-the-art zero-gap systems. Short-term durability tests (80 h at 0.5 A·cm⁻²) indicate stable operation, but long-term industrial performance was not assessed. These findings illustrate the potential of the DDM approach as a simple, low-cost route to structured nickel foam electrodes and provide a foundation for further optimization of catalyst loading, microstructure, and long-term stability for practical AWE applications.

We present a novel approach for investigating water-insoluble dyes through the controlled charge/discharge of dye molecules. This method serves as an alternative means of registering the initial oxidation event required for the HOMO-LUMO transition in non-conductive media. Four dyes Methyl Red, Methyl Yellow, Sudan Black, and 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol were dissolved in DMSO and analyzed to determine their electrochemical oxidation and reduction potentials toward their broader applicability. In addition to calculating HOMO-LUMO energy levels from experimental data (UV–Vis spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry), we report, for the first time, the boundary orbital energies and ground-state equilibrium geometries of these dyes obtained by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6–311++ G ** theoretical level. The experimental and theoretical results are compared and discussed.

The HER and OER performance of two series of NiCo electrocatalysts (with Ni/Co weight ratios of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70) was evaluated. These electrocatalysts were prepared via electrodeposition, a relatively simple synthesis method suitable for practical realization and scalability. Commercially available conductive supports, including 3D-structured Ni-foam (NF) and 2D-structured Fe-steel plate (FS), were selected for their suitability in electrode applications. This study examines the bifunctional behavior of catalyst electrodes for HER and OER, considering the combined influence of support type, Ni/Co ratio, and phosphorus doping. To understand the practical aspects of both methodology and structure to function, the physicochemical characterization focused on the as-prepared state of the four highly active electrocatalysts: Ni₃₀Co₇₀/NF, Ni₅₀Co₅₀/FS, Ni₃₀Co₇₀P/NF, and Ni₅₀Co₅₀P/FS. The techniques such as XRD, Optical microscopy, FE-SEM-EDS, Cross-sectional EDS line scan analysis, and XPS were used. Electrochemical investigations revealed that Ni₅₀Co₅₀P/FS exhibited superior bifunctional efficiency at current densities of 10 mA cm⁻², η_HER = 23 mV and η_OER = 400 mV. Notably, the demonstrated exceptional HER activity of non-noble Ni₅₀Co₅₀P/FS electrocatalyst is comparable to reported noble metal-based Pt compositions. Additionally, the Ni₅₀Co₅₀P/FS configuration exhibited low overpotential degradation at a commercially relevant current density of 100 mA cm^-2 in both anodic and cathodic currents, η_HER = 103 mV and η_OER = 498 mV. The unique three-dimensional microstructure of the NiCoP coating on 2D-Fe-steel was achieved through a co-electrodeposition method, employed as a scalable and cost-effective fabrication technique. The performance of the Ni₅₀Co₅₀P/FS electrode results from this morphology, which provides abundant active reaction sites and facilitates reactant diffusion through numerous gaps between the particles. Additionally, the Ni₅₀Co₅₀P coating exhibited a higher surface concentration of Ni compared to its deeper layers. Future research will focus on fine-tuning efficiency, stability, and durability at high current densities (100 mA cm^-2) to enable large-scale practical application real-world alkaline electrolyzer operation. 

In this study, platinum (Pt) nanocatalysts were synthesized via a sol-gel method over the non-stoichiometric, Magnéli phase titanium oxides (TinO_2n−1) at varying Pt loadings (10–40 wt.%). Their structural and morphological properties were characterized, and after preliminary electrochemical screening, the catalysts were integrated into commercially available gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) with a three-layer structure to enhance mass transport and catalyst utilization. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated using a Nafion^® 117 polymer membrane and tested in a laboratory PEM cell under controlled conditions. The electrochemical activity toward the hydrogen reduction reaction (HRR) was evaluated at room temperature and at elevated temperatures to determine the catalytic efficiency and stability. The optimal Pt loading was determined to be 30 wt.%, achieving a current density of approximately 0.12 A cm⁻² at 0.25 V, demonstrating a balance between catalyst efficiency and material utilization. The chronoamperometry tests showed minimal degradation over prolonged operation, suggesting that the catalysts were durable. These findings highlight the potential of Pt-based catalysts supported on Magnéli phase titanium oxides (TinO_2n−1) for efficient HRRs in electrochemical hydrogen pumps/compressors, offering a promising approach for improving hydrogen compression efficiency and advancing sustainable energy technologies.

We report our investigation of GaSb islands grown on Si substrates using the thermal evaporation method with Ag nanoparticles as catalysts. The size of the structures was determined via atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. GaSb islands, with an average size of 1.37 ± 1 μm, were formed at an evaporation temperature of 800 °C. X-ray diffraction spectra confirm that the islands are single crystals with a (111) crystallographic orientation, further supported by Raman spectroscopy. Photoluminescence spectra at 80 K include contributions from both band-to-band transitions and transitions related to Ag acceptors. The photoresponse observed through surface photovoltage spectroscopy originates from both GaSb microstructures and free Si surface regions.